顶冰花属(学名:Gagea Salisb. )是百合科下的一个属,多年生草本。鳞茎通常卵球形,较小,在鳞茎皮基部内外常有几个至多数小鳞茎(珠芽);鳞茎皮不延伸或上端延伸成筒状,抱茎。茎通常不分枝。
形态特征
多年生草本。鳞茎通常卵球形,较小,在鳞茎皮基部内外常有几个至多数小鳞茎(珠芽);鳞茎皮不延伸或上端延伸成筒状,抱茎。茎通常不分枝。叶或只有1-2枚基生叶,或除基生叶外还具有几枚互生的茎生叶。花通常排成
伞房花序、伞形花序或
总状花序,少有单生;凡伞房花序和伞形花序的基部都有1枚叶状总苞片;每一花梗中部或近基部通常都有1枚小苞片,最外面、1枚小苞片较大,常与总苞片相似而略小,貌似与它对生;花被片6,通常黄色或绿黄色,很少有白色或其他色的,离生,2轮,外轮通常5-9脉,内轮通常3脉,无蜜腺窝,在果期花被片宿存,增大,变厚,中部常变为绿色或污紫色,边缘白色而膜质,一般比蒴果长一倍以上,至少长1/2;雄蕊6,3长3短或6枚等长;花丝丝状或下部扁平,着生于花被片基部;花药卵形或矩圆形,基着;子房3室,每室具多数胚珠;花柱一般较长,柱头较小,头状或3裂。蒴果倒卵形至矩圆形,通常有三棱,室背开裂,果皮薄。种子多数,卵形或狭椭圆形,扁平,有时有棱角。
分布范围
主要分布于欧洲、地中海区域和亚洲温带地区。
属内物种
以下种列表将中国有分布的种以粗体标出,其余为中国暂无分布记录的种。
Gagea × absurda Levichev
Gagea afghanica A.Terracc.
Gagea aipetriensis Levichev
Gagea alashanica Y.Z.Zhao & L.Q.Zhao
Gagea albertii Regel
毛梗顶冰花Gagea alexeenkoana Miscz.
Gagea alexejana Kamelin ex Levichev
Gagea alexii Ali & Levichev
Gagea algeriensis (Chabert) Chabert ex Batt.
Gagea alii Levichev
Gagea almaatensis Levichev, A.Peterson & J.Peterson
Gagea altaica Schischk. & Sumnev. 阿尔泰顶冰花
Gagea amblyopetala Boiss. & Heldr.
Gagea ancestralis Levichev
Gagea angelae Levichev & Schnittler
Gagea angrenica Levichev
Gagea anisopoda Popov
Gagea antakiensis Kayikçi, Ocak & Teksen
Gagea apulica Peruzzi & J.-M.Tison
Gagea artemczukii Krasnova
Gagea azutavica Kotukhov
Gagea baluchistanica Levichev & Ali
Gagea baschkyzylsaica Levichev
Gagea bashoensis Ali
Gagea bergii Litv.
Gagea bezengiensis Levichev
Gagea bithynica Pascher
Gagea bohemica (Zauschn.) Schult. & Schult.f.
Gagea bornmuelleriana Pascher
Gagea bowes-lyonii Levichev
Gagea brevistolonifera Levichev
Gagea bulbifera (Pall.) Salisb.
腋球顶冰花Gagea caelestis Levichev
Gagea calantha Levichev
Gagea calcicola Zarrei & Wilkin
Gagea calyptrifolia Levichev
Gagea capillifolia Vved.
Gagea capusii A.Terracc.
Gagea caroli-kochii Grossh.
Gagea chabertii A.Terracc.
Gagea chanae Grossh.
Gagea charadzeae Davlian.
Gagea chinensis Y.Z.Zhao & L.Q.Zhao
Gagea chitralensis S.Dasgupta & Deb
Gagea chlorantha (M.Bieb.) Schult. & Schult.f.
Gagea chloroneura Rech.f.
Gagea chomutovae (Pascher) Pascher
Gagea chrysantha (Jan) Schult. & Schult.f.
Gagea circumplexa Vved.
Gagea commutata K.Koch
Gagea confusa A.Terracc.
Gagea cuneata Levichev & Murtaz.
Gagea czatkalica Levichev
Gagea daghestanica Levichev & Murtaz.
Gagea daqingshanensis L.Q.Zhao & Jie Yang
Gagea davlianidzeae Levichev
Gagea dayana Chodat & Beauverd
Gagea delicatula Vved.
Gagea deserticola Levichev
Gagea divaricata Regel
叉梗顶冰花Gagea drummondii Levichev & Ali
Gagea dschungarica Regel
Gagea dubia A.Terracc.
Gagea durieui Parl.
Gagea eleonorae Levichev
Gagea exilis Vved.
Gagea fedtschenkoana Pascher
镰叶顶冰花Gagea ferganica Levichev
Gagea fibrosa (Desf.) Schult. & Schult.f.
Gagea filiformis (Ledeb.) Kar. & Kir.
林生顶冰花Gagea flavonutans (H.Hara) Zarrei & Wilkin
Gagea foliosa (C.Presl) Schult. & Schult.f.
Gagea fragifera (Vill.) E.Bayer & G.López
Gagea gageoides (Zucc.) Vved.
Gagea germainae Grossh.
Gagea glacialis K.Koch
Gagea glaucescens Levichev
Gagea goekyigitii Eker & Teksen
Gagea goljakovii Levichev
Gagea gracillima Pamp.
Gagea graeca (L.) Irmisch
Gagea graminifolia Vved.
Gagea granatellii (Parl.) Parl.
Gagea granulosa Turcz.
粒鳞顶冰花Gagea gymnopoda Vved.
Gagea gypsacea Levichev
Gagea × haeckelii C.W.Dufft & M.Schulze
Gagea helenae Grossh.
Gagea hiensis Pascher
Gagea hissarica Lipsky
Gagea humicola Levichev
Gagea huochengensis Levichev
Gagea ignota Levichev
Gagea incrustata Vved.
Gagea intercedens Pascher
Gagea iranica Zarrei & Zarre
Gagea jaeschkei Pascher
高山顶冰花Gagea japonica Pascher
Gagea jensii Levichev & Schnittler
Gagea jispensis Ali & Levichev
Gagea joannis Grossh.
Gagea juliae Pascher
Gagea kamelinii Levichev
Gagea kneissea J.Thiébaut
Gagea kopetdagensis Vved.
Gagea kunawurensis (Royle) Greuter
Gagea kuraiensis Levichev
Gagea kuraminica Levichev
Gagea lacaitae A.Terracc.
Gagea leosii Ali & Levichev
Gagea libanotica (Hochst.) Greuter
Gagea lojaconoi Peruzzi
Gagea longiscapa Grossh.
Gagea × luberonensis J.-M.Tison
Gagea ludmilae Levichev
Gagea lusitanica A.Terracc.
Gagea lutea (L.) Ker Gawl.
Gagea luteoides Stapf
Gagea maeotica Artemczuk
Gagea marchica Henker, Kiesew., U.Raabe & Rätzel
Gagea mauritanica Durieu
Gagea menitskyi Levichev
Gagea mergalahensis Ali & Levichev
Gagea michaelis Golosk.
Gagea micrantha (Boiss.) Pascher
Gagea minima (L.) Ker Gawl.
Gagea minutiflora Regel
Gagea minutissima Vved.
Gagea moniliformis J.-M.Tison
Gagea multipedunculifera Levichev
Gagea nabievii Levichev
Gagea nakaiana Kitag.
Gagea neopopovii Golosk.
新疆顶冰花Gagea nevadensis Boiss.
Gagea noltiei Peruzzi, J.-M.Tison, A.Peterson & J.Peterson
Gagea novoascanica Klokov
Gagea omalensis J.-M.Tison
Gagea paedophila Vved.
Gagea pakistanica Levichev & Ali
Gagea × pampaninii A.Terracc.
Gagea paniculata Levichev
Gagea pauciflora (Turcz. ex Trautv.) Ledeb.
少花顶冰花Gagea pedata Levichev
Gagea peduncularis (C.Presl) Pascher
Gagea peruzzii J.-M.Tison
Gagea podolica Schult. & Schult.f.
Gagea × polidorii J.-M.Tison
Gagea polymorpha Boiss.
Gagea × pomeranica R.Ruthe
Gagea popovii Vved.
Gagea praemixta Vved.
Gagea pratensis (Pers.) Dumort.
Gagea pseudominutiflora Levichev
Gagea pseudopeduncularis J.-M.Tison
Gagea punjabica Levichev & Ali
Gagea pusilla (F.W.Schmidt) Sweet
Gagea quasitenuifolia Levichev
Gagea quettica Levichev & Ali
Gagea ramulosa A.Terracc.
Gagea rawalpindica Levichev & Ali
Gagea reinhardii Levichev
Gagea reticulata (Pall.) Schult. & Schult.f.
Gagea reverchonii Degen
Gagea rigida Boiss. & Spruner
Gagea robusta Zarrei & Wilkin
Gagea rubicunda Meinsh.
Gagea rubinae Ali
Gagea rufidula Levichev
Gagea rupicola Levichev
Gagea sarmentosa K.Koch
Gagea sarysuensis Murz.
Gagea schachimardanica Levichev
Gagea schugnanica Levichev & Navruzsh.
Gagea scythica Artemczuk
Gagea serotina (L.) Ker Gawl.
Gagea setifolia Baker
Gagea shmakoviana Levichev
Gagea sicula Lojac.
Gagea siphonantha Rech.f.
Gagea sivasica Hamzaoglu
Gagea soleirolii F.W.Schultz
Gagea spathacea (Hayne) Salisb.
Gagea spumosa Levichev
Gagea staintonii Rech.f.
Gagea stepposa L.Z.Shue
草原顶冰花Gagea subtilis Vved.
Gagea sulfurea Miscz.
Gagea tadshikistanica Levichev
Gagea takhtajanii Levichev
Gagea talassica Levichev
Gagea taschkentica Levichev
Gagea taurica Steven
Gagea tenera Pascher
细弱顶冰花Gagea tenuissima Miscz.
Gagea terraccianoana Pascher
小顶冰花Gagea tesquicola Krasnova
Gagea × theobaldii Brügger
Gagea tisoniana Peruzzi, Bartolucci, Frignani & Minut.
Gagea toktogulii Levichev
Gagea toppinii S.Dasgupta & Deb
Gagea transversalis Steven
Gagea triflora (Ledeb.) Schult. & Schult.f.
Gagea trinervia (Viv.) Greuter
Gagea turanica Levichev
Gagea ucrainica Klokov
Gagea ugamica Pavlov
Gagea ulazsaica Levichev
Gagea uliginosa Siehe & Pascher
Gagea utriculosa Levichev
Gagea × vaga Levichev
Gagea vaginata Pascher
Gagea vanensis Teksen & Karaman
Gagea vegeta Vved.
Gagea villosa (M.Bieb.) Sweet
Gagea villosula Vved.
Gagea vvedenskyi Grossh.
Gagea wallichii Levichev & Ali
Gagea wendelboi Rech.f.
Gagea xiphoidea Leviche